The Circulatory system is essentially the delivery system of the body. Many other systems in the body make use of this transportation system; two examples are the endocrine system, which is in charge of hormones, and the respiratory system, which is responsible for getting oxygen and delivering it to the rest of the body through the blood.
The Circulatory System is divided in two different processes: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation. Pulmonary Circulation Pulmonary Circulation is what brings oxygen low and carbon dioxide rich blood from the heart to the lungs. The superior and inferior vena cava are the vessels that bring this low oxygen blood to the right side of the heart. The vessel that leaves the right ventricle is the pulmonary artery which brings the blood from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen from the air outside diffuses into the blood, and the carbon dioxide from the blood is released into the air. This process is called the external respiratory exchange. This oxygen-rich blood is then brought back to the left side of the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Systemic Circulation Systemic Circulation is what carries the functional blood supply to all body tissues. It carries the oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart through the arteries, leading to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. The oxygen from the blood is released from the tissue capillaries, and the blood, now with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide captured from the body tissues, is returned to the right atrium of the heart through veins. The Systemic Circulation is releasing oxygen and nutrients into the body and picking up carbon dioxide and other waste from body tissues to the lungs, a process called internal respiratory exchange.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide The general principle is that cells in the body need oxygen and they produce carbon dioxide as a waste product of the cell. Carbon dioxide must then leave the cell and then the body. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported throughout the body in the blood. It is the job of the lungs to exchange these two gases in the blood.
Oxygen Air containing oxygen is inhaled into the lungs through the trachea, or the windpipe, which divides into two bronchi, the left and the right, and then leads to the final branch of the respiratory tree, the alveoli. In the lungs, the oxygen from the alveolar air is diffused into the blood, which will then carry the oxygen to the rest of the body. Most of the oxygen is carried throughout the body thanks to its chemical combination with hemoglobin in red blood cells. The Hemoglobin combination allows the oxygen to become water soluble. Hemoglobin is made up of 4 polypeptide chains which each contain a heme group. Each heme group contains an iron ion that allow it to bind to an oxygen molecule. This means that each hemoglobin can bind to 4 oxygen molecules. The Oxyhemoglobin (hemoglobin saturated with oxygen) then proceeds to travel to cells in the body throughout the blood, diffusing the needed oxygen into the cell tissues.
Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide, meanwhile, is much more soluble in the blood than oxygen is. Roughly 85% of the carbon dioxide in the blood is in the form of carbonic acid, which is dissociated to form bicarbonate ions. Carbonic acid is the combination of carbon dioxide with water, and the ions it forms while dissolved in the blood are HCO3- and H+. 5% of the carbon dioxide in the blood is dissolved as is, with no chemical changes, and 10% is bound to amino groups on the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin and plasma proteins
The Circulatory system is essentially the delivery system of the body. Many other systems in the body make use of this transportation system; two examples are the endocrine system, which is in charge of hormones, and the respiratory system, which is responsible for getting oxygen and delivering it to the rest of the body through the blood.
The Circulatory System is divided in two different processes: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation.
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation is what brings oxygen low and carbon dioxide rich blood from the heart to the lungs. The superior and inferior vena cava are the vessels that bring this low oxygen blood to the right side of the heart. The vessel that leaves the right ventricle is the pulmonary artery which brings the blood from the heart to the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen from the air outside diffuses into the blood, and the carbon dioxide from the blood is released into the air. This process is called the external respiratory exchange. This oxygen-rich blood is then brought back to the left side of the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation is what carries the functional blood supply to all body tissues. It carries the oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart through the arteries, leading to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. The oxygen from the blood is released from the tissue capillaries, and the blood, now with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide captured from the body tissues, is returned to the right atrium of the heart through veins. The Systemic Circulation is releasing oxygen and nutrients into the body and picking up carbon dioxide and other waste from body tissues to the lungs, a process called internal respiratory exchange.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
The general principle is that cells in the body need oxygen and they produce carbon dioxide as a waste product of the cell. Carbon dioxide must then leave the cell and then the body. Both oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported throughout the body in the blood. It is the job of the lungs to exchange these two gases in the blood.
Oxygen
Air containing oxygen is inhaled into the lungs through the trachea, or the windpipe, which divides into two bronchi, the left and the right, and then leads to the final branch of the respiratory tree, the alveoli. In the lungs, the oxygen from the alveolar air is diffused into the blood, which will then carry the oxygen to the rest of the body. Most of the oxygen is carried throughout the body thanks to its chemical combination with hemoglobin in red blood cells. The Hemoglobin combination allows the oxygen to become water soluble. Hemoglobin is made up of 4 polypeptide chains which each contain a heme group. Each heme group contains an iron ion that allow it to bind to an oxygen molecule. This means that each hemoglobin can bind to 4 oxygen molecules. The Oxyhemoglobin (hemoglobin saturated with oxygen) then proceeds to travel to cells in the body throughout the blood, diffusing the needed oxygen into the cell tissues.
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide, meanwhile, is much more soluble in the blood than oxygen is. Roughly 85% of the carbon dioxide in the blood is in the form of carbonic acid, which is dissociated to form bicarbonate ions. Carbonic acid is the combination of carbon dioxide with water, and the ions it forms while dissolved in the blood are HCO3- and H+. 5% of the carbon dioxide in the blood is dissolved as is, with no chemical changes, and 10% is bound to amino groups on the polypeptide chains of hemoglobin and plasma proteins